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Smeaton's Tower is the third and most notable Eddystone Lighthouse. It marked a major step forward in lighthouse design. In use from 1759 to 1877, it was largely dismantled and rebuilt on Plymouth Hoe in Plymouth, Devon, where it now stands as a memorial to its designer, John Smeaton, a celebrated civil engineer. ==Construction== The Royal Society recommended Smeaton to the task, who modelled the lighthouse on an oak tree. He rediscovered the use of "hydraulic lime," a form of concrete used in Roman times. The technique allowed concrete to set under water, as Smeaton put granite blocks together using dovetail joints and marble dowels.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eddystone - Gallery ) 〕 Construction started in 1756 at a site in Millbay, where Smeaton built a jetty and a workyard in southwestern corner of the harbour to unload and work on stones. Timber rails of 3 ft. 6 in. gauge were laid for four-wheeled flat trucks, which were used to move masonry around the site. A 10-ton ship named the ''Eddystone Boat'' was based here, and transported worked stones out to the reef. The ship carried the 2¼-ton foundation stone out in the morning of 12 June 1756. The work was completed in August 1759〔Majdalany, Fred: ''The Eddystone Light''. 1960〕 at a cost of £40,000 (£ with inflation).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery - Smeaton's Tower )〕 Many Cornish tin miners were employed in construction, to avoid the possibility of press ganging, a practice which was rife at the time. Trinity House arranged with Admiralty in Plymouth, so that each worker was issued a medal to confirm that he was a worker at the lighthouse.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Smeaton's Tower」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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